HUNTER/JUMPERS AND EVENTING
Hunt seat competitions in general are divided into three general horse
show categories, hunters, equitation, and jumpers. Show hunters as a group are
judged on manners, way of going, and conformation. Jumpers are judged by how
quickly a horse can complete a course of jumps with the fewest errors,
called faults. Equitation riders are judged on the appearance and form of the
rider and the smoothness and overall look of the horse and rider as a team.
Other related disciplines within the hunter or hunt seat subcategory of English
riding include Eventing and Dressage. These activities are all differentiated
from Saddle seat riding, which is a discipline developed for high-action show
horses that are not intended to be shown over fences.
Show hunter:
Horses used in hunter over fences and hunter under saddle (or "flat",
non-jumping) classes are called show hunters, and are judged on their movement,
way of going, manners, and jumping form. Conformation is judged to some extent
as well. Thus, smooth, quiet-moving, well-built horses with an excellent
temperament are desired. A related flat class in many breed competitions very
similar to Hunter Under Saddle is English Pleasure-Hunter Type, called simply
"English Pleasure" in some places. Although a somewhat different style of horse
than the classic hunter may be shown, the goals of good manners, performance,
quality and conformation are still emphasized. Horses may be of any breed,
although those of Thoroughbred and Warmblood type are most common. Regardless of
breed, the horse should have a long stride with little knee movement, good
jumping form with correct bascule, and should be well-mannered. For top level
competition, movement and jumping form become increasingly important.
Show jumper:
The show jumper is generally a horse that has more power and energy than a show
hunter. Because only jumping ability is scored, conformation, manners, and way
of going are critical only as far as they affect soundness and ability to jump.
Jumpers are often taller and more powerfully built than hunters, often with a
bit more speed. Some are far more temperamental, though excellent jumpers must
be manageable as well as athletic. Horses may be of any breed, though again,
Thoroughbreds and Warmbloods dominate the field. It is rare for a horse to
perform both as a hunter and as a jumper as temperament and style of movement
are markedly different.
Equitation:
Hunt seat equitation classes judge the rider only, including his or her position
on the flat and over fences and overall effectiveness while riding. Therefore,
it is not imperative that the horse has perfect movement or jumping form, but it
needs good manners and an attractive way of going that does not detract from the
rider's performance. Although temperament is not judged, horses with a more
tractable temperament are generally easier to ride, and can therefore help
riders demonstrate their skills. The ideal equitation mount has
less bascule than the show hunter, because it is easier for a rider to maintain
the correct jumping position on a "flatter" horse that does not throw the rider
out of the saddle when it jumps. However, a show jumper is not ideal either, as
the horse may be less than smooth in its way of going and too volatile in temper
for the rider to maintain steady and correct form over a course. The horse must
jump safely and not carelessly rub rails. The movement of the equitation horse
is generally more collected than the show hunter, which allows the rider to
better adjust the stride for tricky combinations.
Eventing: (also
known as horse trials) is an equestrian event
comprising dressage, cross-country, and show jumping. This event has its roots
in a comprehensive cavalry test requiring mastery of several types of riding.
The competition may be run as a one-day event (ODE), where all three events are
completed in one day (dressage, followed by show jumping and then cross country)
or a three-day event (3DE), which is more commonly now run over four days, with
dressage on the first two days followed by cross country the next day and then
show jumping in reverse order on the final day. Eventing was previously known as
Combined Training, but this usually now refers to a combination of just two of
the events, most commonly dressage and show jumping. |